Cja 374 Week 2 Crime Causation and Diversion Essay

Crime Causation and Diversion Juveniles committing crimes, being arrested and going to jails and prisons, is a sad fact that has hit every city, in every state in the United States of America. It is not a hard thing to comprehend, turn on the TV and watch the news. Every night there is surely to be a report about a crime committed by one of America’s youth. Many people question the reason for such high numbers of juveniles committing crimes; others turn a blind eye and refuse to acknowledge the fact that every day more children of this country are slipping into the life of crime. Some concerned members of society ask what can be done to stop it; how can they help? The answer is action! Law enforcement, as well as Local, State, and†¦show more content†¦Below are a few statistics of juvenile crimes in the United States and Florida. (south-floridaattorney.com) †¢ 1 in 4 U.S. residents is under the age of 18 †¢ In 2009, more than 1 million juveniles were arrested for criminal activity; of those arrests, 27% were younger than age 15 †¢ 49,900 arrests were made for aggravated assault †¢ 31,700 were for robbery †¢ 1,170 were for murder †¢ 1 in 9 violent crimes committed in 2009 were attributed to juveniles Juvenile Mentor Program (JUMP) In Florida and across the country, the Juvenile Mentor Program or JUMP is being utilized to help combat and reduce the number of juveniles that fall victim to a life of crime. This program first received funding in 1994 from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). The program was set up to reduce juvenile delinquency and gang participation by at-risk youth, reduce the dropout rate of these children and to improve academic performance. The program achieves these goals, by the following objectives: †¢ Provide general guidance to at-risk youth. †¢ Promote personal and social responsibility. †¢ Increase participation in elementary and secondary education and enhance their ability to benefit from this schooling. †¢ Discourage use of illegal drugs and firearms, involvement in violence, and other delinquent activity. †¢ Discourage involvement in gangs. †¢ Encourage participation in service

Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in the Elderly Essay

Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in the Elderly Mental disorders are becoming more prevalent in todays society as people add stress and pressure to their daily lives. The elderly population is not eliminated as a candidate for a disorder just because they may be retired. In fact, mental disorders affect 1 in 5 elderly people. One would think that with disorders being rather prevalent in this age group that there would be an abundance of treatment programs, but this is not the case. Because the diagnosis of an individuals mental state is subjective in nature, many troubled people go untreated regularly (summer 1998). Depression in the elderly population is a common occurrence, yet the diagnosis and treatment seem to slip†¦show more content†¦Finally, older people tend to have more anxiety present in their depression than younger patients do (winter 1996). In the natural order of things, bodies tend to wear down somewhat and people become higher risk candidates for various health problems. It is the increase in healt h problems that allows for some symptoms of depression to be overlooked. Doctors begin to attribute all problems and ailments to the primary problem, neglecting the possibility of depression. The prevalence of low blood pressure is one of those items that do increase as an individual ages. The correlation of depression with low blood pressure also increases as time passes, particularly among men. A study by Barrett-Connor and Palinkas indicated men with low blood pressure scored significantly higher on both the emotional and physical items of a depression test (February 1994). These same individuals also scored higher on measures of pessimism, sadness, loss of appetite, weight loss, and preoccupation with health than did people with normal blood pressure. Some believe that because low blood pressure can cause fatigue, anyone with these two symptoms could possibly be diagnosed with depression. This is a snowball effect where the low blood pressure causes the fatigue, which in turn causes someone to feel useless, which further develops into other possibleShow MoreRelatedDepression in the Elderly Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesDepression in the Elderly Depression later in life frequently coexists with other medical illnesses and disabilities. In addition, advancing age is often accompanied by loss of key social support systems due to the death of a spouse or siblings, retirement, and/or relocation of residence. Because of their change in circumstances and the fact that theyre expected to slow down, doctors and family may miss the diagnosis of depression in elderly people, delaying effective treatment. As a resultRead MoreEssay on The Desire to Die: Suicide and Euthanasia in the Elderly1510 Words   |  7 Pagesin the cabinet. 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Acquired diabetes insipidus Essay Example For Students

Acquired diabetes insipidus Essay Acquired NDI Acquired NDI is the consequence of several conditions (Table 2) that are characterized by an increased water output and reduced urine osmolality, despite elevated levels of AVP. In many of these conditions, the kidney is unable to handle water due to an impaired responsiveness to vasopressin. As discussed below, a number of rat models with NDI have been evaluated, and common for all is a reduced expression of AQP2 in the principal cells of the collecting ducts. However, as is discussed, the degree of AQP2 downregulation as well as the intracellular localization of the protein differs significantly among the various conditions, suggesting that different mechanisms are responsible for AQP2 dysregulation in the various models. In addition to DI, a few other serious conditions are associated with reduced AQP2 levels and urinary concentrating defects (see Table 2). 1. Lithium-induced NDI Lithium administration is a very common treatment of manic-depressive disease. It is estimated that 1 in 1,000 of the population receive lithium, and roughly 20-30% of these develop serious side effects including polyuria (16, 39) primarily due to a vasopressin-resistant urinary-concentrating defect, i.e., NDI. We examined the effect of oral lithium treatment of rats for 25 days. AQP2 and AQP3 levels were progressively reduced to 5% of levels in control rats after 25 days of lithium treatment (129, 149). The downregulation of AQP2 expression was paralleled by a progressive development of severe polyuria. With serum lithium levels in the therapeutic range, rats produced a daily urine output that matched their own weight (149). In addition, quantitative immunoelectron microscopy of AQP2 labeling in the IMCD principal cells showed that there was a reduction in AQP2 in the apical plasma membrane, as well as in the basolateral plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles. Thus reduction of AQP2 in both the apical and the basolateral plasma membrane may participate in the overall reduced water reabsorption (149). The reduced AQP3 expression was also confirmed by immunocytochemistry (129). Thus downregulation of both AQP2 and AQP3 appears to play a significant role in the development of lithium-induced polyuria. The reduction in AQP2 (and AQP3) expression may be caused by a lithium-induced impairment in the production of cAMP in collecting duct principal cells (38, 39), indicating that inhibition of cAMP production may in part be responsible for the reduction in AQP2 expression as well as the inhibition of targeting to the plasma membrane in response to lithium treatment. This is consistent with the presence of a cAMP-responsive element in the 5-untranslated region of the AQP2 gene (92, 156) and with the recent demonstration that mice with inherently low cAMP levels have low expression of AQP2 (DI +/+). There was a very slow recovery in AQP2 expression and restoration of urinary concentration after cessation of lithium treatment (149) consistent with clinical findings. However, treatment of lithium-diuretic rats with high doses of the specific V2-receptor agonist dDAV P was able to cause efficient delivery of AQP2 to the apical plasma membrane (a greater fraction of total AQP2 was found in the membrane than seen in control animals), but there was only a modest increase in AQP2 expression relative to animals treated with lithium alone. On the contrary, thirsting of the rats for 2 days resulted in a much larger increase in AQP2 protein levels, but little targeting to the apical plasma membrane (a lot of AQP2 was found in intracellular domains, i. e., intracellular vesicles). Consequently, this study showed that thirsting was a more potent stimulus for AQP2 expression than dDAVP administration in the present model and provided evidence for the presence of a vasopressin-independent regulation of AQP2 expression levels. The existence of such a signal transduction pathway has recently gained support (58). Similar to the slow recovery of urinary concentration inability seen in patients who have been on lithium treatment, lithium-treated rats also showed a slow recovery. The suppression of AQP2 levels was parallelled by a persistent urinary concentrating defect after removal of lithium from the diet (149). .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d , .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d .postImageUrl , .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d , .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d:hover , .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d:visited , .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d:active { border:0!important; } .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d:active , .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b361a160348b55af9897e4cb0cd7e8d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Importance Of Friendship Essay 2. Electrolyte disturbances associated with NDI It is known that both hypokalemia and hypercalcemia, clinically important electrolyte abnormalities, are associated with polyuria due to a vasopressin-resistant urinary concentrating defect. However, recently, at least part of the underlying molecular defects involved in the development .